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莊子在〈逍遙遊〉以寓言的方式表達高遠的精神世界,其意境及途徑引起後人不斷地探索。方以智收集大量的古今註解,會通儒釋道三家思想,以獨特的寫作方法詮解該篇蘊藏的豐富內容。本文從三個層面說明方以智詮釋的重要觀念。第一:關於莊子「小大之辨」的問題,方以智強調小與大之無差別性與相異性,以消除片面的執著。第二:方以智從「有」與「無」之對立的觀念,說明兩者相互否定、相互成立的關係;並主張「不落有無」又「不離有無」,才能在現實生活中得到自在。第三:方以智會通儒釋道,說明逍遙遊之途徑與形態,正是其自身生活經歷的反映。經由本文的分析,可以了解方以智主張去除偏執以得心靈自由的詮釋方法與理論依據.
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On ne connaît aucun écrit de Confucius, ses aphorismes ayant été recueillis sous la forme d'« Entretiens » par ses disciples. Néanmoins, depuis deux millénaires et demi les enseignements du philosophe ont non seulement imprégné la civilisation chinoise et les cultures d'Extrême-Orient, mais ont aussi inspiré philosophes et penseurs en Occident. Cet ouvrage de Herbert Fingarette, dont l'impact à sa publication en 1972 a été immédiat et majeur dans le monde anglophone, était attendu de longue date par le public francophone. Il permet d'accéder à l'enseignement de Confucius de façon simple et directe, puisque les idées du célèbre philosophe y sont essentiellement abordées par le biais de ses paroles rapportées par ses disciples, les dépouillant de toute interprétation anachronique ou encombrante. Selon Fingarette, Confucius préserve le caractère sacré du rite, mais enraciné dans la sacralité de l'existence humaine elle-même, et en le dégageant de sa gangue religieuse. La présentation et les commentaires de Charles Le Blanc viennent enrichir le texte en situant Herbert Fingarette dans le contexte général des études confucéennes et orientales, soulignant ainsi son actualité et sa profonde originalité. L'auteur Herbert Fingarette fit carrière comme professeur de philosophie analytique à l'Université de Californie à Santa Barbara. Son livre Confucius - The Secular as Sacred marque une date charnière dans les études de la pensée confucéenne en Occident. Le traducteur Charles Le Blanc est professeur émérite de philosophie chinoise à l'Université de Montréal. Il a publié, avec Rémi Mathieu (CNRS, Paris), Philosophes taoïstes II : le Huainan zi (Gallimard, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, 2003).
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Meditation --- Confucianism --- Confucianism. --- Rituals.
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In Confucianism: Its Roots and Global Significance, English language readers get a rare opportunity to read the work in a single volume of one of Taiwan's most distinguished scholars. Although Lee Ming-huei has published in English before, the corpus of his non-Chinese writings is in German. Readers of this volume will discover the hard-mindedness and precision of thinking associated with German philosophy as they enter into Lee's discussions of Confucianism. Progressing through the book, they will be constantly reminded that all philosophy should be truly comparative. The work is divided into three parts: Classical Confucianism and Its Modern Re-Interpretations, Neo-Confucianism in China and Korea, and Ethics and Politics. The interrelated ideas and arguments presented here contribute significantly to the Confucian project in English-speaking countries across the world.
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In a single generation, the rise of Asia has precipitated a dramatic sea change in the world’s economic and political orders. This reconfiguration is taking place amidst a host of deepening global predicaments, including climate change, migration, increasing inequalities of wealth and opportunity, that cannot be resolved by purely technical means or by seeking recourse in a liberalism that has of late proven to be less than effective. The present work critically explores how the pan-Asian phenomenon of Confucianism offers alternative values and depths of ethical commitment that cross national and cultural boundaries to provide a new response to these challenges. When searching for resources to respond to the world’s problems, we tend to look to those that are most familiar: Single actors pursuing their own self-interests in competition or collaboration with other players. As is now widely appreciated, Confucian culture celebrates the relational values of deference and interdependence—that is, relationally constituted persons are understood as embedded in and nurtured by unique, transactional patterns of relations. This is a concept of person that contrasts starkly with the discrete, self-determining individual, an artifact of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Western European approaches to modernization that has become closely associated with liberal democracy.Examining the meaning and value of Confucianism in the twenty-first century, the contributors—leading scholars from universities around the world—wrestle with several key questions: What are Confucian values within the context of the disparate cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam? What is their current significance? What are the limits and historical failings of Confucianism and how are these to be critically addressed? How must Confucian culture be reformed if it is to become relevant as an international resource for positive change? Their answers vary, but all agree that only a vital and critical Confucianism will have relevance for an emerging world cultural order.
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